Change in Schools
                    from
         What Works in Schools by Robert J. Marzano (ASCD)


Factors at three levels have direct impact on change:

School-level
  • A guaranteed and viable curriculum
  • Challenging goals and effective feedback
  • Parent and community involvement
  • Safe and orderly environment
  • Collegiality and professionalism

Teacher-level
  • Instructional strategies
  • Classroom management
  • Classroom curriculum design

Student-level
  • Home environment
  • Learned intelligence and background knowledge
  • Student motivation


Three principles of leadership for change:

  •  Leadership for change is most effective when carried out by a small group of
    educators with the principal functioning as a strong cohesive force.
  •  The leadership team must operate in such a way as to provide strong guidance
    while demonstrating respect for those not on the team.
  •  Effective leadership for change is characterized by specific behaviors that
    enhance interpersonal relationships. These characteristics are:
       Optimism
       Honesty
       Consideration


Four phases for implementing change

 I.  Take the pulse of your school
II.  Identify and implement an intervention
III.  Examine the effect on achievement
IV.  Move to the next issue